Analisis Spasial Distribusi Fasilitas Kesehatan Mitra BPJS di Indonesia Tahun 2019

Edi Junaidi1 Muhammad Reza Redo Islami2* Muhammad Iqbal3
(1) Politeknik Negeri Lampung
(2) Politeknik Negeri Lampung
(3) Politeknik Negeri Lampung
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

@font-face {font-family:"MS Mincho"; panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4; mso-font-alt:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:128; mso-generic-font-family:modern; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 134217746 0 131231 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:"\@MS Mincho"; panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4; mso-font-charset:128; mso-generic-font-family:modern; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 134217746 0 131231 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:4.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:105%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning:0pt; mso-ligatures:none; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;}.MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} Distribusi fasilitas kesehatan merupakan komponen penting dalam penyelenggaraan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan sebaran fasilitas kesehatan mitra BPJS Kesehatan pada 2019, membandingkan jumlah fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama (FKTP) dengan fasilitas kesehatan rujukan tingkat lanjut (FKRTL) pada tingkat provinsi, dan menyajikan pemetaan spasial titik fasilitas. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif deskriptif dan eksplorasi spasial berbasis dataset publik dari Kaggle. Puskesmas dan klinik dikelompokkan sebagai FKTP, sedangkan rumah sakit sebagai FKRTL; rasio FKTP/FKRTL per provinsi kemudian dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok tersil, dan koordinat fasilitas divisualisasikan menggunakan pustaka Folium. Agregasi pada 34 provinsi mencatat 21.885 FKTP dan 2.249 FKRTL (total 24.134 fasilitas), dengan rasio nasional agregat 9,73. Rasio antarprovinsi berkisar dari 5,09 di DKI Jakarta hingga 16,70 di Kalimantan Tengah dengan median 10,52. Pulau Jawa menampung 45,3% dari seluruh fasilitas dan 49,9% dari seluruh FKRTL, sedangkan kelompok rasio tinggi didominasi provinsi di Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Maluku Utara, dan Papua. Pemetaan menunjukkan konsentrasi titik fasilitas di kawasan perkotaan, khususnya Jawa, dan pola yang lebih jarang di wilayah kepulauan timur. Rasio fasilitas merupakan indikator struktur layanan berjenjang, bukan ukuran langsung ketercukupan atau aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan, sehingga perlu dilengkapi data penduduk, kapasitas, dan waktu tempuh

Keywords

BPJS Kesehatan; Fasilitas Kesehatan; Analisis Spasial; FKTP; FKRTL; Sistem Informasi Geografis

Full Text:

PDF

References

Agustina, R., Dartanto, T., Sitompul, R., Susiloretni, K. A., Suparmi, Achadi, E. L., et al. (2019). Universal health coverage in Indonesia: Concept, progress, and challenges. The Lancet, 393(10166), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31647-7

Alrejaye, N. S., Alonazi, F. H., Alonazi, Z. M., Alobaidi, R. S., Alsaleh, A. B., Alshami, A. A., Alshamrani, S. A., & Kaithathara, S. T. (2024). Distribution of private dental healthcare facilities in Riyadh City: A GIS-based approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(7), 959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070959

BPJS Kesehatan. (2024). Laporan tahunan BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2023. BPJS Kesehatan.

Choperena-Aguilar, D., Ramirez-Santiago, A., & Acuña Díaz, M. C. (2021). Measuring geospatial healthcare access to primary level facilities in Mexico: A GIS-based diagnosis analysis. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 26(suppl 1), 2471–2482. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021266.1.40872020

Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11

Guagliardo, M. F. (2004). Spatial accessibility of primary care: Concepts, methods and challenges. International Journal of Health Geographics, 3, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-3-3

Habibi, I. N. (n.d.). Data Faskes BPJS 2019 [Dataset]. Kaggle. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/israhabibi/list-faskes-bpjs-indonesia/data

Hyndman, R. J., & Fan, Y. (1996). Sample quantiles in statistical packages. The American Statistician, 50(4), 361–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1996.10473566

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2013). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 71 Tahun 2013 tentang Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional.

Luo, W., & Wang, F. (2003). Measures of spatial accessibility to health care in a GIS environment: Synthesis and a case study in the Chicago region. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 30(6), 865–884. https://doi.org/10.1068/b29120

Makacha, L., Makanga, P. T., Dube, Y. P., Bone, J., Munguambe, K., Katageri, G., Sharma, S., Vidler, M., Sevene, E., Ramadurg, U., Charantimath, U., Revankar, A., & von Dadelszen, P. (2020). Is the closest health facility the one used in pregnancy care-seeking? A cross-sectional comparative analysis of self-reported and modelled geographical access to maternal care in Mozambique, India and Pakistan. International Journal of Health Geographics, 19, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-020-0197-5

Mulyanto, J., Kunst, A. E., & Kringos, D. S. (2020). The contribution of service density and proximity to geographical inequalities in health care utilisation in Indonesia: A nation-wide multilevel analysis. Journal of Global Health, 10(2), 020428. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020428

Noor, A. M., Zurovac, D., Hay, S. I., Ochola, S. A., & Snow, R. W. (2003). Defining equity in physical access to clinical services using geographical information systems as part of malaria planning and monitoring in Kenya. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 8(10), 917–926. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01112.x

OECD. (2021). Health at a glance 2021: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/4dd50c09-en

Openshaw, S. (1984). The modifiable areal unit problem (Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography No. 38). Geo Books.

Penchansky, R., & Thomas, J. W. (1981). The concept of access: Definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction. Medical Care, 19(2), 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198102000-00001

Republik Indonesia. (2004). Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional.

Republik Indonesia. (2011). Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2011 tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial.

Starfield, B., Shi, L., & Macinko, J. (2005). Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. The Milbank Quarterly, 83(3), 457–502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00409.x

Weiss, D. J., Nelson, A., Vargas-Ruiz, C. A., Gligorić, K., Bavadekar, S., Gabrilovich, E., et al. (2020). Global maps of travel time to healthcare facilities. Nature Medicine, 26(12), 1835–1838. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1059-1

Zafri, N. M., Nurullah, M., Neema, M. N., & Waliullah, M. (2021). Spatial accessibility to healthcare facilities in coastal region of Bangladesh. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 36(3), 643–655. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3107



DOI: https://doi.org/10.53514/ir.v10i2.947

Article Metrics

Abstract views: 7 times
PDF Downloaded: 5 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

____________________________

Organized by: Fakultas Teknologi Bisnis dan Sains (FTBS)
Published by: Universitas Dharma Wacana
Jl. Kenanga No.03 Mulyojati 16C Metro Barat Kota Metro Lampung
phone. +62725-7850671
Fax. +62725-7850671
Email: lppmstmikdw@dharmawacana.ac.id

Jurnal I-Robot disupport juga oleh:


Web Analytics Made Easy - StatCounter
View IRobot Statcounter


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.